Almost all European countries are affected by increasing urbanisation in spatial planning. Urban functions such as housing, transport and communication infrastructure, industrial areas, the service sector, educational institutions, social facilities and leisure centres are expanding rapidly. This excessive urbanisation of open spaces has a negative impact on various environmental aspects. For example, the fragmentation of natural habitats interrupts green corridors and degrades the landscape. In addition, the expansion of built-up areas reduces biodiversity and species richness by consuming land and compromising ecosystem functions.
